Injectors work in pairs (idle, part load), or altogether (full-load). It is a speed-density type of system, as mixture formation is dependent on RPM, TPS angle, and manifold pressure (MAP). Unlike the 102, 103, and early 104 series engines, the engine did not use mechanical fuel injection but the Siemens PEC/PMS (Pressure Engine Control) management system, which integrates fuel and spark management. Starting with 1996 it has a variant called the M111.921 which has a MAF (Mass Air Flow)-sensor instead of MAP-sensor on the first one, and using ECU instead of PMS. All engines in the family use a cast iron engine block and aluminum alloy cylinder head. Debuted in the 1992 Mercedes-Benz E-Class ( W124), this engine family is relatively oversquare and uses 4 valves per cylinder. The M111 engine family is a straight-4 automobile engine from Mercedes-Benz, produced from 1992 to 2003. Motor vehicle engine Mercedes-Benz M111 engine
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